Physics Class 12
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Chapter 2: Electric Charges and Fields
Quick Revision Box
- Charge Quantization: Q = ±ne, where n is an integer and e = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C.
- Coulomb's Law: F = (1/(4πε₀)) × (q₁q₂/r²); force between two point charges.
- Electric Field (E): E = F/q₀; force per unit positive test charge. Vector quantity.
- Electric Field due to a Point Charge: E = (1/(4πε₀)) × (q/r²) along the radial direction.
- Electric Dipole Moment (p): p = q × 2a (magnitude); direction from -q to +q.
- Gauss's Law: Flux (Φ) through a closed surface is (1/ε₀) × charge enclosed.
Basic Level Questions (Q1-Q20)
Q1. The SI unit of electric charge is:
Select the correct SI unit for electric charge from the options below.
Answer: B) Coulomb
The Coulomb (C) is the SI unit for measuring electric charge.
The Coulomb (C) is the SI unit for measuring electric charge.
Q2. Like charges ________, and unlike charges ________.
Complete the statement about how electric charges interact with each other.
Answer: B) repel, attract
This is a fundamental property of electric charges: like charges repel each other, while unlike charges attract.
This is a fundamental property of electric charges: like charges repel each other, while unlike charges attract.
Q3. The law that gives the force between two point charges is called:
Identify the correct physics law that describes the electrostatic force between charges.
Answer: C) Coulomb's Law
Coulomb's Law quantitatively describes the electrostatic force of interaction between two stationary point charges.
Coulomb's Law quantitatively describes the electrostatic force of interaction between two stationary point charges.
Q4. The constant (1/(4πε₀)) in Coulomb's law has a value of:
Select the correct value of the electrostatic constant from the options below.
Answer: A) 9 × 10⁹ N m² C⁻²
This is the standard value of the electrostatic constant in SI units.
This is the standard value of the electrostatic constant in SI units.
Q5. The property of a body to attract light objects after being rubbed is due to:
Identify the reason why rubbed objects attract light materials.
Answer: C) electric charge
Rubbing creates an imbalance of electric charge (static electricity), which exerts an attractive force.
Rubbing creates an imbalance of electric charge (static electricity), which exerts an attractive force.
Chapter Summary
Electric Charges and Fields introduces the fundamental concepts of electrostatics, including properties of electric charges, Coulomb's law, electric fields, electric dipoles, and Gauss's law. Understanding these concepts is crucial for grasping more advanced topics in electromagnetism.
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